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Pump Jack Diagram and Its Role in Petroleum Equipment

By Sofier

A pump jack is an essential piece of petroleum equipment, widely recognized for its role in the extraction of oil from underground reservoirs.

pumping unit diagram

pumping unit

It operates as part of an artificial lift system, helping to bring crude oil to the surface when natural pressure within the well diminishes.

This device is a ubiquitous symbol of the oil industry, often seen in oil fields globally.

Anatomy of a Pump Jack

A pump jack consists of several interconnected components that work in unison.

pumping unit diagram

The primary parts include:

  1. Walking Beam: This horizontal beam rocks back and forth, converting rotary motion into a reciprocating motion.
  2. Horse Head: Attached to the walking beam, it transfers the up-and-down motion to the polish rod.
  3. Samson Post: The vertical support structure that anchors the walking beam.
  4. Pitman Arms: These connect the walking beam to the crank, translating rotary motion from the motor into the beam’s oscillation.
  5. Crankshaft and Gear Reducer: The crankshaft is driven by the motor, while the gear reducer adjusts the motor’s speed and torque to suitable levels for operation.
  6. Polish Rod and Sucker Rod: These connect the pump jack to the downhole pump, transferring motion to extract oil.
  7. Base and Counterweights: The base provides structural stability, and counterweights balance the mechanism, reducing energy consumption.

A pump jack diagram illustrates these components, demonstrating how they interconnect to facilitate the oil extraction process. Understanding the diagram is crucial for petroleum engineers and technicians working with oil field equipment.

Keywords Related to Oil Pump Jack and Petroleum Equipment

Pump jacks are integral to various industries related to petroleum equipment.

Center Bearing Assembly

No. Name Qty. Remark
1 Seal ring 2
2 Bearing cover 2
3 Bearing 2
4 Center bearing 1
5 Space ring 1
6 housing 1
7 washer 2
8 bolt 12
9 Spring washer 12
10 bolt 4
11 Thin nut 4
12 nut 4
13 washer 4

 

 

Equalizer Bearing Assembly

Equalizer Bearing Assembly

No. Name Qty. Remark
1 Equalizer 1
2 hanger 2
3 Hexagon bolt 8
4 nut 8
5 Thin nut 8
6 Oil seal 2
7 Round nut 1
8 Grease fitting 2
9 Hexagon bolt 4
10 Hexagon nut 8
11 Hexagon bolt 12
12 Spring washer 12
13 Self-aligning roller bearing 1
14 Stop washer 1
15 Tail bearing 1
16 Bearing cover 2
17 asbestos cushion 2
18 housing 1
19 Equalizer bearing 2
20 Hexagon bolt 2
21 Hexagon nut 2
22 Hexagon thin nut 2

 

Crank Pin Assembly

Crank Pin Assembly

No. Name Qty. Remark
1 bolt 6
2 Spring washer 6
3 Grease fitting 1
4 bolt 2
5 Spring washer 2
6 Relief screw 1
7 Bearing cover plate 1
8 Bearing cover 1
9 washer 1
10 Bolt 4
11 Spring washer 4
12 Bearing 1
13 Pitman bearing edestal 1
14 Oil seal 1
15 Crank pin 1
16 sleeve 1
17 key 1
18 Retainer ring 1
19 nut 1
20 Cotter pin 1

 

 

pump jack diagram parameters

 

Size Parameters
unit（inches）
NO. Pumping Unit Type A B C D E F G H I J K L M N R(M) T W X VV UU AA
1 C912D-365-192TH 210 120.31 286.02 120 244.33 172.5 321.93 111.2 18.98 108.27 157.91 62.59 463.5 22.05 86.61 48.43 53.9 113.7 51.97 35.47 49.57
2 C912D-365-168TH 210 120.31 261.97 120 244.33 148.5 321.89 111.2 41.38 108.27 158.35 50.39 464.8 22.05 86.81 48.43 53.9 113.7 51.97 40.31 49.53
3 C640D-365-168TH 210 120.31 261.97 120 238.66 148.5 310.8 111.2 41.38 108.27 159.65 50.39 425.43 22.05 85.87 41.34 53.19 107.76 51.97 37.13 50.2
4 C640D-305-168TH 210 120.04 262 120 237.72 148.5 310.2 111.38 34.84 108.27 159.25 68.86 426.4 17.72 75.98 41.34 51.18 107.6 44.57 31.89 52
5 C640D-365-144TH 180 120.31 261.97 120 238.74 148.5 310.8 110.98 40.47 108.27 129.61 73.7 404.09 22.05 85.87 41.34 53.19 107.76 51.97 35.55 50.2
6 C456D-365-120TH 151.97 120.31 261.97 120 238.74 148.5 314.66 110.93 40.43 108.27 101.57 94.37 384.61 22.05 85.87 39.37 53.19 109.37 51.97 39.09 50.12
7 C456D-305-144TH 180 120.04 262.01 120 237.72 148.5 310.16 110.98 36.85 108.27 129.21 76.38 406.02 17.72 75.98 39.37 51.18 109.37 51.97 35.59 50.2
8 C456D-256-144TH 180 120.04 260.4 120 237.72 148.5 310.31 109.02 38.07 106.3 129.21 81.5 405.63 15.75 75.98 39.37 50.87 109.37 51.97 35.59 49.02
9 C320D-305-120TH 155 111.06 232.01 110.98 237.32 132.01 296.85 95.98 39.96 108.27 101.57 93.86 384.84 17.72 75.98 37.4 51.18 109.37 51.97 38.19 52.76
10 C320D-305-100TH 129.02 111.06 232.01 110.98 213.39 132 296.85 95.98 34.65 95 83.15 87.72 336.3 15.75 68.9 37.4 44.96 95.28 51.97 38.19 52.76
11 C320D-256-120TH 155 111.06 232.01 110.98 213.39 132.01 296.85 95.98 45.83 95 109.13 63.15 354.65 15.75 68.9 37.4 44.96 95.28 51.97 38.19 52.76
12 C228D-246-86TH 110.98 111 216.14 110.98 203.07 132 265.98 81.1 41.59 78.74 68.35 85.1 306.69 15.75 65.35 33.46 41.81 84.88 31.5 34.88 35.63
13 C228D-213-86TH 110.98 96.06 195.75 95.98 185.04 114.02 247.04 80.71 36.69 76.18 72.5 65.63 287.13 14.17 59.75 33.46 37 82.54 33.25 29.88 37.13
14 C160D-200-74TH 95.98 84.06 168.66 84.02 162.4 95.98 222.32 69.68 34.25 67.72 62.09 54.65 264.56 14.17 57.76 29.53 37.2 83.86 31.5 28.82 25.04
15 C114D-173-64TH 84.02 84.06 167.09 84.02 158.46 93.74 216.54 70.35 42.52 67.72 49.57 54.65 230.35 12.6 57.76 25.59 34.65 78.43 31.5 28.82 26.5
16 C80D-133-54TH 72 64.02 127.17 64.02 122.09 74.49 165.83 52.17 25.75 50 48.43 42.2 188.19 11.02 42.32 21.65 25.12 60.28 27.95 13.58 19.29
17 C40D-89-42TH 55.98 48.19 108.35 47.99 98 57.52 186.5 46.85 16.38 44 41 42 152 9.84 38.5 17.72 25 58 25.25 13.5 16.63
TL:
1 C456D-365-120TL-A54 3860 3056 6654 1195 9168 3772 5558 2810 1027 2750 2580 2397 9769 560 2181 1351 2778
2 C640D-365-144TL-A54 4572 3056 6654 1196 9268 3772 5658 2820 999 2750 3292 1879 10264 560 2181 1351 2737
3 C640D-365-144TL-E565 4572 3056 6654 1196 10308 3772 5658 2820 999 2750 3292 1879 10264 560 2181 1351 2737
4 C640D-365-144TL-L795 4572 3056 6654 1196 10308 3772 5658 2820 999 2750 3292 1879 10264 560 2181 1351 2737
5 C640D-365-168TL-A54 5335 3056 6654 1196 9268 3772 5658 2820 1051 2750 4055 1280 10806 560 2181 1351 2737
6 C640D-365-168TL-L795 5335 3056 6654 1196 10308 3772 5658 2820 1051 2750 4055 1280 10806 560 2181 1351 2737
7 C912D-365-192TL-A62 5334 3056 7265 1347 9447 4382 5837 2820 1107 2750 4043 1681 11727 560 2200 1367 2888
8 C912D-365-168TL-A54 5335 3056 6654 1196 9447 3751 5837 2820 1477 2750 4055 854 10806 560 2181 1351 2888
9 C912D-365-168TL-DP80 5335 3056 6654 1196 10187 3751 5837 2820 1477 2750 4055 854 10806 560 2200 1369 2888
10 C912D-365-168TL-L795 5335 3056 6654 1196 10487 3751 5837 2820 1477 2750 4055 854 10806 560 2200 1369 2888
11 C912D-427-144TL 4572 3056 6654 1196 9447 3772 5837 2820 1028 2750 3293 1873 10264 560 2200 1369 2888

 

The detailed parameter sheets are in the above document.

Detailed Parameters
Model C912D-365-168TH C640D-365-168TH C640D-365-144TH C640D-305-168TH C456D-365-120TH C456D-305-168TH C456D-305-144TH C456D-256-144TH C320D-305-120TH C320D-256-120TH C320D-305-100TH C320D-256-100TH C228D-246-86TH C228-213-100 C160D-200-74TH C160D-173-86TH C114D-173-64TH C80-133-54TH
Basic Parameters Rated Polish Rod Capacity (lbs) 36,500 36,500 36,500 30,500 36,500 30,500 30,500 25,600 30,500 25,600 30,500 25,600 24,600 21,300 20,000 17,300 17,300 13,300
Stroke Length (in) 168/144/120 168/144/120 144/120/100 168/144/120 120/100/86 168/145/124 144/123/101 144/124/106 120/100/86 120/103/87 100/86/70 100/86/70 86/74/61 100/86/70 74/63/51 86/74/61 64/54/44 54/45/36
Max. Stroke Frequency (r/min) 8 10 10 14 10 8 8 14 10 10 12 10 10 10 10 10 12 12
Balanced Type Crank Balanced
Crank Direction Clockwise/Counterclockwise
Gear
Reducer		 Rated Torque(in.lbs) 912,000 640,000 640,000 640,000 456,000 456,000 456,000 456,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 228,000 228,000 160,000 160,000 11,400 80,000
Model 912D 640D 640D 640D 456D 456D 456D 456D 320D 320D 320D 320D 228D 228D 160D 160D 114D 80D
Gear Type Double circular arc gear reducer or Involute gear reducer
Reducing Ratio 28.79 28.363 28.363 28.363 28.255 28.255 28.255 28.255 28.807 28.807 28.807 28.807 28.873 28.873 28.506 28.506 28.355 31.832
Center Range (in) 48.43 41.34 41.34 41.34 39.37 39.37 39.37 39.37 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.4 33.46 33.46 29.53 29.53 25.59 21.65
Center Height (in) 30.91 25.98 25.98 25.98 25.59 25.59 25.59 25.59 23.23 23.23 23.23 23.23 19.69 19.69 17.72 17.72 16.73 13.78
Oil Storage quantity
(U.S. Gal)		 180 106 106 106 100 100 100 100 75 75 75 75 42 42 27 27 25 12
Lubricant 20# Gear lubricant in winter,200# Gear lubricant in summer
Sheave Diameter(in) 50″  50″  50″  50″  44.4″  44.4″  44.4″  44.4″  44.4″  44.4″  44.4″  44.4″ 36.4″ 36.4″ 30.4″ 30.4″ 30.4″ 24″
Sheave groove type 7C 6C 6C 6C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 5C 4C 4C 4C 4C 3C 3C
Balance Assembly Weight of Cranks (Lbs) 4482×2 3700×2 3700×2 3700×2 3630×2 3630×2 3630×2 3630×2 2996×2 2996×2 2996×2 2996×2 2160×2 2160×2 1553×2 1553×2 1553×2 896.5×2
Wrist Pin bore
Positions (in)		 47.09 47.09 47.09 47.09 47.05 47.05 47.05 47.05 42 42 42 42 42 42 32 32 32 24
40.2 40.2 40.2 40.2 40.16 40.16 40.16 40.16 35.91 35.91 35.91 35.91 35.91 35.91 27 27 27 20
33.31 33.31 33.31 33.31 33.27 33.27 33.27 33.27 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8 22 22 22 16
Wire Line Type Φ32(6*37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ32(6*37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ32(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ32(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ32(6*37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ32(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ32(6*37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ28(6×37IWR-1770MPa) Φ28(6×37IWR-1770MPa) Φ28(6×37IWR-1770MPa) Φ28(6×37IWR-1770MPa) Φ28(6×37IWR-1770MPa) Φ28(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ28(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ28(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ28(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ28(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa) Φ22(6×37+IWR-1770 MPa)
Length (in) 445.98 445.98 400 445.98 360 445.98 400 400 360 360 360 360 295 330 260 295 260 193
Structure Unbalance (lbs) -573 -573 650 -767 1937 -754.5 234 5.4 362 362 1300 1276 2100 1154 882.2 2100 1173 90
Overall Dimensions
L*W*H (in)		 482×113.7×355.1 474.18×138.58×353.74 444.1×107.6×344.2 470×109.4×355.2 421.9×109.4×334 470×109.4×355.2 440.16×109.37×344.3 440.16×109.37×344.3 409.53×125.6×301 409.53×125.6×301 384.84×125.6×292.6 384.84×125.6×292.6 339.1×89×270 335.6×89×282.8 284.45×83.9×216.3 273×83.9×250.5 273×78.4×212.2 214.3×60×167.6
Bearing Type Wrist Pin 22328C 22328C 22328C 22328C 22328C 22328C 22328C 22328C 22322C 22322C 22322C 22322C 22322C 22322C 22318C 22318C 22318C 22314C
Tail Bearing 22340CK 22340C 22340C 22336C 22340C 22336C 22336C 22336C 22330C 22330C 22330C 22330C 22330C 22330C 22326C 22326C 22326C 22318C
Center Bearing NJ240 NJ240 NJ240 NJ2334 NJ240 NJ2334 NJ2334 NJ2334 NJ2330E NJ2330E NJ2330E NJ2330E NJ2330E NJ2330E NJ228 NJ228 NJ228 NJ220E
Sealing Ring Wrist Pin 130×160×12 130×160×12 130×160×12 130×160×12 130×160×12 130×160×12 130×160×12 130×160×12 110×140×12 110×140×12 110×140×12 110×140×12 110×140×12 110×140×12 90×120×12 90×120×12 90×120×12 70×95×10
Tail Bearing 190×220×15 190×220×15 190×220×15 160×190×15 190×220×15 160×190×15 160×190×15 160×190×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 120×150×12 120×150×12 120×150×12 70×95×10
Center Bearing  200×230×15  200×230×15  200×230×15 170*200*15  200×230×15 170×200×15 170×200×15 170×200×15 150×180×15 150×180×15 150×180×15 150×180×15 150×180×15 150×180×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 140×170×15 100×125×12
Reducer Bearing Output Shaft  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22244CA  Bearing 22238CA  Bearing 22238CA  Bearing 22238CA  Bearing 22238CA  Bearing 23136CA  Bearing 23136CA
Intermediate Shaft  Bearing NU2330E  Bearing NU2326  Bearing NU2326  Bearing NU2326  Bearing NU2326M  Bearing NU2326M  Bearing NU2326M  Bearing NU2326M  Bearing NU2224E  Bearing NU2224E  Bearing NU2224E  Bearing NU2224E  Bearing NU2322E  Bearing NU2322E
High Speed Shaft Bearing NU2324E  Bearing NU2322M Bearing NU2322M Bearing NU2322M  Bearing NU2322M  Bearing NU2322M Bearing NU2322M  Bearing NU2322M Bearing NU2320E Bearing NU2320E Bearing NU2320E Bearing NU2320E Bearing NU2217E Bearing NU2217E

Here are 15 relevant keywords commonly associated with oil pump jacks:

  • Artificial lift system
  • Crude oil extraction
  • Sucker rod pump
  • Oil field equipment
  • Hydraulic pump jack
  • Rotary motion mechanism
  • Beam pumping unit
  • Counterweight balancing
  • Drill rig components
  • Subsurface pump
  • Crankshaft operation
  • Onshore oil extraction
  • Horsehead design
  • Polish rod maintenance
  • Oil production equipment

How a Pump Jack Operates

The pump jack is driven by an electric or gas-powered motor. The motor’s rotary motion is transferred to the crankshaft, which operates the Pitman arms. These arms move the walking beam up and down, causing the horse head to lift and lower the polish rod and sucker rod assembly.

Beneath the surface, the sucker rod connects to a plunger pump. This pump operates within a tubing string, creating a vacuum that draws oil into the tubing and pushes it to the surface. The rhythmic action of the pump jack ensures continuous extraction of oil, even in wells with low natural pressure.

Applications of Pump Jacks

Pump jacks are primarily used in onshore oil fields, where they serve as an efficient means of extracting crude oil from marginal or mature wells. These devices are often paired with other petroleum equipment, such as separators, storage tanks, and pipelines, to form a complete oil production system.

Conclusion

The pump jack remains a cornerstone of oil production, particularly in locations where natural pressure is insufficient for extraction. By understanding its components and functionality, operators can optimize efficiency and maintain the longevity of this vital petroleum equipment.

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